A cataract is a common eye condition and the leading cause of vision loss or blindness worldwide. The good news is that treatment is quick, painless and can restore your vision.
To understand more about cataracts, we share important aspects of the condition, so you know what to look for and do about it.
Imagine trying to see through a foggy window. That is what having a cataract can be like.
A cataract is a cloudy area that forms in the lens of your eye. It can occur in one or both eyes.
The cloudiness or blurriness in vision is caused by a breakdown of proteins in the lens of the eye. These proteins begin to group together as they break down, forming a cloudy, foggy area and making it harder for light to pass through. Over time, cataracts can lead to total vision loss or blindness.
The type of cataracts you have is based on where and how they develop in the eye.
The most common types of cataracts are:
Less common cataracts include:
Cataracts are very common. More than half of all Americans over the age of 80 have cataracts or have had surgery to remove them.
Most cataracts are age-related, but there are also other reasons you can get cataracts. You may be at higher risk if you:
Cataracts can happen in one or both eyes. Most cataracts form slowly, but the symptoms usually get worse as they grow and affect a larger portion of your lens.
Symptoms may include:
Cataracts are diagnosed during regular eye exams with an eye care specialist (ophthalmologist or optometrist). Your eye care specialist will use several tests to look at your vision and the health of your eyes.
These tests may include the following:
If your eye doctor suspects you have cataracts, they may order additional tests. These tests may include an imaging test called an optical coherence tomography or an ultrasound to scan the eye.
Surgery is the only way to remove a cataract and restore clear vision. However, you may not need surgery right away.
In the early stages, you can make small changes to manage cataracts. This may include using brighter lights at home and work, wearing magnifying lenses for reading and getting a new prescription for eyeglasses or contacts.
As the cataract worsens and gets in the way of your daily life, surgery can replace the cloudy lens with a clear, artificial one called an intraocular lens (IOL). Cataract surgery is one of the safest and most commonly performed surgeries in the United States. It is usually performed on one eye at a time to minimize the risk of possible complications.
Many types of IOLs are available, including monofocal, extended depth of focus and multifocal lenses. The type you receive will depend on your eye condition and needs.
Cataract surgery has come a long way, and several surgical techniques are available today. Here are the main types:
After cataract surgery, your vision will be blurry for a little while. You’ll need an eye shield and sunglasses to protect your eye while it heals. The good news is that your eyes should heal within a few days or weeks.
Your surgeon should be able to identify which type of cataract surgery is right for you and help you choose the best course of action. The proper treatment for one person may not be the right choice for you. A good surgeon will explain your options and help you take the right action.
After surgery, most people see much better. It’s a common and safe procedure, often leading to improved vision and a better quality of life. Most people experience a quick recovery, returning to normal activities within a week.
While every person’s experience may vary, cataract surgery is a well-established solution for restoring clear vision. Regular follow-up appointments with an eye care provider are important to address any concerns.
While you cannot prevent cataracts, you can take steps to reduce your risk and promote overall eye health. Here are some tips:
If cataracts are starting to impact your quality of life, then it’s time to remove them. Speak with an eye care specialist or a Banner Health expert to discuss which surgery is right for you.