A spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture, is a procedure where a needle is inserted between lumbar bones to remove cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. This laboratory test helps diagnose conditions such as infectious diseases, multiple sclerosis and bacterial meningitis. It may also be used to detect abnormal levels of white blood cells in the spinal fluid, which can indicate infection or inflammation. Additionally, a spinal tap may be performed to inject dye for X-ray tests, administer medications or relieve pressure in the head.
Since a spinal tap involves the brain and spinal cord, it’s important to know the possible risk factors. These may include:
Discuss any concerns with your doctor before the procedure.
While preparation is minimal, it’s important to follow these guidelines:
Your doctor will provide instructions regarding any necessary blood tests or medications you are taking.
During the procedure, your doctor will have you lie on your side and may ask you to bring your knees toward your chest. After sterilizing the area, you will receive local anesthesia to numb the site. A needle is inserted between two vertebrae into the spinal canal to collect spinal fluid for testing. While the procedure is not typically painful, you may feel pressure, discomfort or get a headache. Once the sample is collected, the site is covered with a bandage.
After your spinal tap, follow these aftercare steps:
A CSF test can provide valuable insight into neurological and infectious conditions, helping guide further diagnosis and treatment.