Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment

Are you concerned that type 2 diabetes might be affecting your health? Perhaps you’ve noticed changes in your body or are curious about symptoms. If so, you are not alone. Type 2 diabetes is a common disease. More than three million Americans are living with it. 

Whether you’re exploring possibilities for yourself or a loved one, we can help you understand the process from diagnosis to treatment.

How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed?

If your health care provider thinks you might have type 2 diabetes, they will review your medical history, perform a physical exam and order blood tests.

Your provider may ask you about your symptoms and when they began. They will also ask about any risk factors for diabetes, such as family history of the disease. During the exam, you will have your weight and blood pressure checked. 

Blood tests used to diagnose type 2 diabetes

Blood tests to measure your blood glucose (sugar) level is usually the next step. Depending on the test(s) you have, you may be required to fast (not eat or drink anything except water) before the test. Your provider will let you know if you need to fast.

Non-fasting blood tests

• Hemoglobin A1c test: When diagnosing type 2 diabetes, an HbA1c test is the main blood test used. It tests your average blood sugar levels for the last two to three months:
  • Normal: Below 5.7% 
  • Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4% 
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or higher
• Random blood glucose test (random plasma glucose test or RPG): This test can be done at any time with a finger prick or by taking a blood sample from a vein in your arm (intravenous). Results of 200mg/dL (milligrams of sugar per deciliter) or above may suggest diabetes, especially if you also have symptoms such as thirst and needing to pee more than usual. 

Fasting blood sugar tests

• Fasting blood tests: Also known as a fasting plasma glucose test or FPG, this blood test is taken after an overnight (eight to 10 hours) fast. Your results will fall into one of three categories:
  • Normal: Below 99 mg/dL
  • Prediabetes: 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL
  • Diabetes: 126 mg/dL or above
• Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT): This test shows if your body has problems handling the sugar you get from food and drink.  After fasting for eight to 10 hours (overnight), you will have your blood drawn. You will then be given a sugary drink. and have your blood drawn again one, two and three hours after the drink to see how your body reacts to the sugar. After two hours, the results are understood as follows:
  • Normal: 140 mg/dL or below
  • Prediabetes: 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL
  • Diabetes: 200 mg/dL or higher

If you are diagnosed with diabetes, your provider may do other tests to confirm if you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes because the two often require different treatments. They may also check your eyes, kidneys and heart to make sure there has been no damage due to diabetes.

What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes?

It’s natural to feel worried if you’re diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. But the good news is that with early detection and management many people with type 2 diabetes lead healthy.

Managing type 2 diabetes involves lifestyle changes, glucose monitoring and medication. Your team of diabetes specialists may include your health care provider, endocrinologists (hormone specialists), diabetes educators, nutritionists or dietitians, pharmacists and other specialty providers.

The main goal of treatment is to keep your blood sugar levels in a healthy range. Keeping your blood sugar under control helps relieve symptoms and lowers your chances of developing problems.

• Lifestyle changes: Start with small, achievable changes in your daily routine. Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly and stay at a healthy weight. These steps make a big difference.
  • Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains. Limit sugary and processed foods.
  • Aim for 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week. It can be as simple as a brisk walk, biking or dancing.
  • Work with your care team on a weight loss plan if you are overweight or obese.
• Medication: Your provider may prescribe medications to help control your blood sugar. It’s important to take them as directed and let your diabetes team know if you have any concerns or side effects.
• Blood sugar monitoring: Your diabetes care team will show you how to regularly check your blood sugar levels at home. This helps you and your team track your progress and make any necessary changes to your treatment plan.
• Regular check-ups: Keep up with your medical appointments. Regular check-ups allow your care team to monitor your overall health and adjust your treatment plan.

Managing type 2 diabetes is a team effort. By making small, consistent changes, you can take control of your health. If you have questions, contact your provider at Banner Health.

Next step: Learn more about your diabetes care and management.