Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment

Could you have type 2 diabetes?

 Are you experiencing unexplained symptoms like fatigue or increased thirst? You’re not alone. Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic conditions in the U.S., affecting more than 3 million Americans. 

Whether you're concerned about your own health or a loved one’s, understanding how type 2 diabetes is diagnosed and treated can help you take the next step with confidence. 

How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed?

If your health care provider thinks you might have type 2 diabetes, they will review your medical history, perform a physical exam and order blood tests.

Your provider may ask you about your symptoms and when they began. They will also ask about any risk factors for diabetes, such as family history of the disease. During the exam, you will have your weight and blood pressure checked. 

What blood tests are used to diagnose type 2 diabetes?

Blood tests to measure your blood glucose (sugar) level is usually the next step. Depending on the test(s) you have, you may be required to fast (not eat or drink anything except water) before the test. Your provider will let you know if you need to fast.

Hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c)

This test shows your average blood sugar level over the past 2–3 months:

•  Normal: Below 5.7% 
• Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4% 
• Diabetes: 6.5% or higher

This test doesn't require fasting.

Random blood sugar test

Also called a random plasma glucose (RPG) test, this can be done anytime: 

• A result of 200 mg/dL or higher, along with symptoms (like excessive thirst or urination), may indicate diabetes. 

Fasting blood sugar test

Known as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, it’s done after you haven’t eaten for 8–10 hours:

• Normal: Below 99 mg/dL
• Prediabetes: 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL
• Diabetes: 126 mg/dL or above

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

This test measures how your body handles sugar after fasting and drinking a sweet liquid:

• Normal: 140 mg/dL or below
• Prediabetes: 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL
• Diabetes: 200 mg/dL or higher

After diagnosis, your provider may do additional tests to confirm type 1 vs. type 2 diabetes and check for any complications affecting your heart, eyes or kidneys. 

What are the treatment options for type 2 diabetes?

Being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes can feel overwhelming. But with the right support, you can manage your condition and live well.

Key parts of your type 2 diabetes care plan include:

1. Lifestyle changes 

• Eat a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains and lean proteins. 
• Avoid sugary drinks, processed foods, and excess carbs. 
• Aim for 30 minutes of activity most days—such as walking, biking or swimming. 
• If needed, work with your care team to create a weight loss plan. 

2. Blood sugar monitoring 

Your provider will help you learn how to use a glucose meter at home. Monitoring helps keep your blood sugar levels in a healthy range and allows for early adjustments. 

3. Medication 

If lifestyle changes aren’t enough, your doctor may prescribe oral medications or insulin to control your blood sugar. Always take your medications as directed. 

4. Regular check-ups 

See your doctor regularly for labs and check-ins. These visits help track progress, adjust medications and prevent diabetes complications.

Managing type 2 diabetes is a team effort

At Banner Health, our diabetes care team includes primary care providers, endocrinologists, dietitians, pharmacists and diabetes educators. Together, we help you build a personalized plan to stay healthy. 

Next step: 

Learn more about diabetes care and management or talk to your provider at Banner Health.