Every parent eagerly awaits their child’s first word. For some, it’s “mama,” while others hear “dada.” Watching your little one learn to communicate is an exciting process filled with cooing, babbling, and eventually, full sentences. But what happens when a child’s progress seems slower than expected? It’s natural to wonder if they’re experiencing a language delay.
Tamara Zach, MD, a pediatric neurologist with Banner Children’s, shared insights on speech milestones and when speech therapy might help your child.
Milestones for speech development
Language development follows a general timeline, but every child learns at their own pace. While comparisons to others can cause unnecessary worry, tracking your child’s progress against universal milestones can help identify possible delays.
Dr. Zach explained the typical timeline for speech development:
- 4–5 months: Babies should start cooing, making “ooh” and “aah” sounds.
- 6–9 months: Babbling begins, with sounds like “dadada” and “kakaka.”
- 12 months: Babies typically say a few words correctly, like “mama” for mom or “baba” for bottle. They should also understand simple requests.
- 2 years: Toddlers should have about 50 words in their vocabulary, form two-word phrases, and be 50% understandable to strangers.
- 3 years: Children should use three-word phrases and be 75% understandable to strangers.
Signs of a potential language delay
If your child isn’t reaching these milestones, it might be time to talk to your pediatrician about speech therapy.
Dr. Zach said, “To qualify for a language delay, a child typically needs to be two standard deviations away from the norm. Your pediatrician will evaluate first and may refer you for a speech therapy assessment.”
What causes language delays?
Several factors can contribute to language delays. “Even genetics can play a role,” Dr. Zach explained. “If parents or siblings spoke late, the child might also speak later and need therapy. Medical issues, such as birth complications or muscle weakness in the arms or legs, can also impact communication development.”
Does a bilingual home cause delays?
Speaking two languages at home might slightly delay milestones, but there’s no need to stop. “Teaching a child multiple languages stimulates brain development,” Dr. Zach said. “However, parents should monitor progress closely and consider an evaluation if concerned.”
What to expect from speech therapy
Speech therapy involves tailored strategies to improve communication. Therapists assess a child’s receptive (understanding) and expressive (speaking) skills.
For younger children, therapists may begin with sign language to reduce frustration and build confidence. As therapy progresses, focus shifts to articulation, fluency and forming specific sound combinations.
“Therapy through play has proven to be an excellent tool for encouraging communication,” Dr. Zach shared. “It’s designed to feel comfortable and even fun for children.”
Can my child catch up?
With early intervention, most children with speech delays can catch up to their peers.
“Speech therapy is highly effective,” Dr. Zach said. “However, it’s never too late to evaluate a child for therapy.”
Concerned about your child’s speech development?
Don’t wait. Speak with a Banner Health pediatrician to discuss your child’s progress and explore options for speech therapy. With the right support, your child will soon be communicating with confidence, opening a world of possibilities for their growth and development.
Recommended reading
- A Parent’s Guide to Their Child’s Autism Screening and Evaluation
- Does My Child Have a Learning Disability?
- 4 Things to Know About Cleft Palate Speech Therapy
