If you’ve ever taken a major test, you know how stressful it can be. You might even recall a moment during your SAT exam, anxiously filling in bubbles on the Scantron sheet, wondering if you’re making the right choices. Tests can be overwhelming—especially when you’re unsure what’s being measured.
But if you’re planning to take a cognitive test, rest assured: it won’t feel like your SAT. It’s nothing to fear, and understanding what’s involved can help you prepare. To learn more about cognitive tests and what they assess, we spoke with Christine Belden, PsyD, a neuropsychologist with Banner Health.
What is cognition?
To start, let’s define cognition. “Cognitive abilities include five key areas: memory, language, attention, executive functions and visuospatial skills,” Dr. Belden explained. "Processing speed also plays a role, as slower speeds can affect overall cognitive performance."
Your cognitive abilities influence almost every part of your life, from remembering a grocery list to communicating with others or participating in activities. Taking care of your brain health is essential, and protecting your cognitive abilities is something you can actively work on.
What does the test measure?
As we age, some changes in thinking are completely normal, like forgetting a name temporarily or needing a moment to recall where you left your keys. But when cognitive decline starts to affect daily life, it could point to underlying conditions such as dementia, depression or other brain health issues.
Dr. Belden shared how cognitive testing plays a role in understanding these changes. “In our research center, we focus on neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and related dementias, as well as movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease,” she explained.
Cognitive testing can help differentiate between normal aging and more significant issues. It assesses areas like memory, attention, language and executive functioning to provide a detailed picture of brain health. Establishing a cognitive baseline early on—especially for individuals with a family history of dementia—can be valuable. Over time, this baseline serves as a personal reference point to identify changes, rather than relying solely on comparisons to general population averages.
What happens during the test?
No prep is necessary for a cognitive test. The best thing you can do is relax!
The process typically begins with a clinical interview, where a neuropsychologist will ask about your educational background, social life and medical history. They will also ask about your cognitive abilities and everyday activities, such as how you manage tasks like cooking, managing finances or driving.
After the interview, a psychometrist (a trained testing technician) will administer tests that assess each cognitive domain. These tests include both written and spoken tasks, with clear instructions and support throughout.
“We ask people to plan for about a 4-hour session, including the interview,” Dr. Belden shared. “But the actual testing time may vary.”
What happens after the test?
Once the test is complete, your results will determine the next steps. You’ll work with your health care team to interpret the findings and discuss ways to enhance your cognitive health. Dr. Belden shared three common recommendations following the test:
- No cognitive impairment detected: You’ll receive guidance on maintaining overall health. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, moderating alcohol intake, quitting smoking (if applicable) and getting enough sleep are all part of a healthy lifestyle. Engaging in new hobbies or learning new skills can also help keep your mind sharp.
- Psychological factors affecting cognition: If mood-related issues, such as depression or anxiety, are contributing to cognitive difficulties, Dr. Belden recommends addressing them. Therapy, physical activity, yoga and social engagement can improve both mood and cognitive function.
- Significant cognitive impairment: If impairment is detected, your doctor may suggest medication to slow the decline. You may also receive recommendations about getting additional support from family members, modifying your living environment and ensuring your safety when driving.
Regardless of your test results, it’s never too late to take steps to improve brain health. Whether you’re healthy or experiencing early signs of decline, there are always things you can do to protect your cognitive abilities.
Should you consider a cognitive test?
If you’re concerned about your memory or other cognitive functions, consider scheduling a neuropsychological evaluation. A Banner Health specialist can guide you through the process, offer support and help you plan for maintaining your cognitive health.
Recommended reading
- The Link Between Sleep and Early Memory Loss
- Brain Games: Can They Really Keep Your Mind Sharp as You Age?
- Memory Loss: Is It Normal Aging or Something More Serious?
