As obesity rates continue to rise worldwide, many people find that even with a healthy diet and regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight remains a lifelong challenge.
To help manage weight more effectively, some people are turning to medications like Ozempic and Wegovy, which offer support beyond lifestyle changes alone. These drugs can help with appetite control and promote weight loss, but they also come with possible side effects.
Read on to learn more about the most common side effects of weight loss medications and tips on managing them.
What are weight loss medications, and how do they work?
Weight loss medications, often called anti-obesity medications (AOMs), are prescription drugs designed to help people in their weight loss efforts (see a full list of FDA-approved medications to treat obesity).
Sometimes, health care providers may also prescribe certain medications off-label, like Ozempic and Wellbutrin. This means the medicines are used to treat conditions or symptoms not officially approved by the FDA.
“Weight loss medications work in several ways,” said Farah Husain, MD, a bariatric surgeon with Banner – University Medicine. “They decrease appetite, control cravings and/or stop your body from absorbing some fats.”
Newer injectable options include Ozempic (a semaglutide) and Wegovy (also a semaglutide), which regulate hunger hormones and slow digestion. Older medications, like phentermine which is used for short-term weight loss, act differently but still provide weight loss benefits.
Common side effects of weight loss medications
According to Dr. Husain, the side effects vary depending on the type of medication.
“For example, while medications like phentermine are known to cause side effects like anxiety, heart palpitations, high blood pressure and rapid heart rate, newer injectables like Ozempic and Wegovy are more likely to cause gastrointestinal (GI) side effects.”
Common side effects of newer weight loss injectables may include:
- Nausea and vomiting: Many people report feeling nauseous when they first start taking these medications. In some cases, this can lead to throwing up, especially if your body hasn’t adjusted to the medication yet.
- Digestive issues: Some people experience stomach cramps, bloating, constipation and diarrhea.
- Fatigue: Feeling tired or fatigued is a common side effect. The medication and changes to appetite and digestion can leave you feeling more tired than usual.
- Loss of appetite: One of the main side effects of these medications is reduced appetite, which can positively affect weight loss. However, it can also lead to an uncomfortable lack of hunger or problems eating.
“Before you begin taking medication, review the side effects with your prescribing provider,” Dr. Husain said. “This will help you know some normal or anticipated side effects. A pharmacist can help you as well.”
How to manage side effects
Managing side effects from medicines for weight loss can make the experience more comfortable and keep you on track with your weight loss goals.
Here are some tips to help support your body as it adjusts to these drugs:
1. Start with a low dose and slowly increase
One of the best ways to ease into weight loss medications is by starting at a low dose and increasing it slowly, allowing your body to adjust over time.
“This approach is a way to reduce the intensity of common side effects,” Dr. Husain said. “Follow your provider’s instructions carefully and let them know of any issues so they can help adjust your treatment as needed.”
2. Use digestive support
GI side effects such as nausea, constipation and diarrhea are common with many weight loss medications, especially with newer injectables.
Here are some options to help manage them comfortably:
- Constipation: psyllium husk (Metamucil), stool softener (Colace), osmotic laxative (MiraLAX)
- Nausea: ginger supplements, ginger tea, meclizine
- Heartburn: calcium carbonate antacids (Tums, Rolaids), famotidine (Pepcid)
- Diarrhea: loperamide (Imodium), bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast)
“Many people report better tolerance as they continue with their medication, but it’s safe to treat these symptoms to make the experience easier,” Dr. Husain said. “Talk to your provider before you start any additional medications, as they can guide you to safe and effective choices based on your needs.”
3. Stay well-hydrated
Water is very important when taking weight loss medication, especially if you have nausea or constipation. Drink plenty of water especially if you’re dealing with diarrhea or vomiting.
4. Eat small, balanced meals
Eat smaller, balanced meals throughout the day to reduce digestive side effects.
“Avoid high-fat or sugary foods, which can make your GI issues worse,” Dr. Husain said. “Instead, focus on nutrient-dense meals that include vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains.”
Smaller high-fiber portions can ease your digestive process, helping you feel more comfortable. “Be open to discussing challenges with your provider or a registered dietitian who can help with healthy food choices,” Dr. Husain said. “A supportive health care team can help you find the best plan for you.”
5. Exercise lightly
Exercise can support weight loss and help with side effects but there’s no need to overdo it, especially if you are tired. Start with light activities like walking or stretching, which can boost mood, improve digestion and help keep your energy up. Gradually increase your activity level as you adjust to the medication.
“Not being active can minimize weight loss or lead to losing a lot of muscle and strength,” Dr. Husain said.”
6. Give your body time to adjust
Side effects are usually more intense in the beginning and tend to improve as the body adapts to the medicine. Be patient and give your body a few weeks to adjust.
“If side effects become unbearable, it’s best to pause the medication and talk to your provider,” Dr. Husain said. “However, many people find the effects lessen over time and they can continue treatment successfully.”
Call your provider right away if you experience severe nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, signs of dehydration, heart palpitations, high blood pressure, chest pain or extreme exhaustion.
Takeaway
Managing side effects from weight loss medications doesn’t have to be hard. Stay hydrated, eat smaller meals and listen to your body. With the right approach, you can minimize discomfort and make your weight loss journey smoother. Always talk to your health care provider or a Banner Health specialist if problems continue or worsen.
