There are many reasons why a woman might need emergency contraception (EC), but the facts about how it works to prevent pregnancy can often be unclear. Several myths about EC—such as it causing infertility or severe side effects—are commonly spread but are not true. When used correctly, emergency contraception is a safe and effective way to reduce the risk of an unplanned pregnancy.
Holly Bullock, MD, with Banner – University Medicine, debunked three common myths about emergency contraception.
Myth #1: The morning-after pill is my only option
This is not true, says Dr. Bullock. In fact, there are several options for emergency contraception:
- Plan B One-Step and generic versions: This is the most commonly used oral form of EC, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). This progesterone-only pill is available over the counter without age restrictions for both men and women. However, it is not your only option.
- Ella (ulipristal acetate): This oral contraceptive requires a prescription and is more effective than Plan B or generics at delaying ovulation. "Ella is especially effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex," said Dr. Bullock. “If you’re concerned about future need, ask your health care provider for a prescription in advance.”
- Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs): Devices like the Paragard IUD are highly effective forms of EC. A health care provider can insert a copper IUD up to five days after unprotected sex, contraceptive failure or sexual assault. ACOG reports that the copper IUD is the most effective method of emergency contraception.
Dr. Bullock explained, "Sperm can live in the female reproductive tract for up to six days, and the egg is available for fertilization for about 24 hours. The copper IUD works by killing sperm, while oral EC methods delay ovulation, preventing sperm from fertilizing the egg." The added benefit of copper IUDs, according to Dr. Bullock, is that they can also serve as a long-term contraceptive method. "Once inserted, a copper IUD can provide contraception for up to 12 years."
Myth #2: I can’t use EC more than once
Research shows that using emergency contraception more than once does not pose any harm to your health or future fertility. However, Dr. Bullock advised that EC should not be relied upon as a regular form of birth control.
"The oral EC methods delay ovulation and are not recommended to be used more than once during a cycle. Any subsequent sexual activity should be protected," said Dr. Bullock. "The copper IUD, however, can continue to provide long-acting reversible contraception after its insertion for emergency purposes."
Dr. Bullock pointed out that there are several reasons why relying on EC is not ideal:
- Other methods are more effective at preventing pregnancy in the long term.
- Cost: Even generic versions of Plan B can cost around $50 per dose.
- Side effects: While not dangerous, side effects such as irregular periods, breast tenderness and nausea may occur.
Myth #3: Taking EC can harm my fertility
There is no evidence to suggest that emergency contraception negatively affects fertility or a woman’s ability to get pregnant in the future. "Plan B and Ella temporarily bind to progesterone receptors, similar to how birth control pills work, but they do not harm fertility," Dr. Bullock explained.
However, EC does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including herpes and HIV, which can affect pregnancy. Dr. Bullock emphasized that condoms are the only form of contraception that offer protection against STIs.
Now that you are armed with the facts, you can make informed decisions about your contraceptive options. To discuss your emergency contraception options or to learn about ongoing birth control methods, speak with a Banner Health provider.
Recommended reading
- Stop Believing These 8 Myths About Birth Control Pills
- Understanding Your Birth Control Options
- Considering the Pill? Here’s What to Discuss With Your Doctor
